Sex Roles among Men

Gender roles and sex roles can be discussed as interconnected notions which can influence each other significantly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Roles among Men specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the connection and interdependence of gender and sex roles in the context of heterosexual relations are rather obvious, the connection and the impact of the notions on each other from the perspective of homosexual or bisexual relations require their further investigation. From this point, the discussion of anal sex roles among men is important for revealing and analyzing the correlation between the male gender role and the anal sex roles of men in their homosexual relations. It is significant to answer the question about the impact of masculinity as the male characteristic on the men’s sex roles and possible impact of sex preferences on the man’s everyday behavior0. In addition to these points, the topic about anal sex roles among men was chosen because of the current interest of the public in the questions of homosexuality which is observed with the help of examining contemporary movies, books, and shows’ themes. Thus, there are a lot of prejudice associated with the topic which should be discussed from the point of homosexual men’s gender and sex roles and their interdependence. Although much prejudice is connected with homosexual relations, those men who have sex with the other men are also characterized by such feature as masculinity and its components as responsibility and bravery, but the level of masculinity in a man’s nature can influence his preference according to anal sex roles.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Today people are inclined to develop definite stereotypes about homosexuality and provide common assumptions the main idea of which is that homosexual men are rather sensitive, tender, acquire certain female features in their behavior and actions, and unable to do the work which is considered as appropriate for men according to the visions of male and female gender roles. The public’s opinions on the problem of homosexuality can be divided into tolerant and quite aggressive. This point is still discussed as controversial in society. That is why the issues depicted in the movie Brokeback Mountain (2005) directed by Ang Lee provoked the great discussion of the question of homosexual relations. Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist, the main characters of the movie, are two men from the American West who discover their homosexual preferences and fall in love with each other. The story develops during the period between the 1960s and the 1980s, and it concentrates on the detailed depiction of the romantic and intimate relations between these two men. The controversy associated with the issues discussed in the movie depe nds on the history of the question of homosexual relations and the public’s attitude to this phenomenon. It is possible to say that today the people’s vision of the relations of this kind is rather progressive, but biases still exist. Several decades ago the level of prejudice was extremely higher. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is known for people since the period of Ancient Greece when homosexual relations were discussed as the part of Zeus’s religious cult and the necessary aspect of the military service.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Roles among Men specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in spite of the fact these relations are depicted in many pieces of art, there was not a single vision of the issue. Homosexual relations developed and were the common aspect of the personal life, but they were also criticized. The situation which is described in the movie also presents many aspe cts of the problem. Ennis Del Mar is portrayed as a man with highly developed masculine qualities. He is strong, in a good physical form, and hard-working. Ennis tries to resist his feeling of deep love toward another man when he becomes aware of his homosexuality. Jack Twist is more passionate and emotional, his masculine features are not as developed as Ennis’s ones, and he actively admits his homosexuality. According to Wei and Raymond, homosexual men can identify their sex roles strictly or they can change their preferences, thus, they can be ‘versatiles’ (Wei Raymond, 2011). In spite of the fact Ennis strives to reject his homosexuality and cannot be discussed as an active homosexual according to his vision of the problem, his active anal sex role of a ‘top’ supports the idea that was developed by Moskowitz and Hart. The researchers analyzed the connection between masculinity and anal sex roles and concluded that ‘tops’ are more ma sculine than ‘bottoms’, and this fact also depends on their physical features (Moskowitz Hart, 2011). Moreover, Jack who actively searched for the sexual satisfaction, but revealed less masculine features, was depicted as a ‘bottom’. That is why masculinity as the main male feature in relation to their gender characteristics also influences the men’s anal sex roles.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The analysis of Ennis and Jack’s sex roles with references to the investigations provided by the specialists in the field allows discussing the deep connection between male gender role and homosexual relations. Men’s preferences according to their anal sex roles can be explained with referring to their character features. From this point, homosexuality can be discussed only as a certain kind of sexuality characterized by its peculiarities. References Moskowitz, D. A. Hart, T. A. (2011). The influence of physical body traits and masculinity on anal sex roles in gay and bisexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 835-841. Wei, C. Raymond, H. F. (2011). Preference for and maintenance of anal sex roles among men who have sex with men: Sociodemographic and behavioral correlates. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 829-834. This essay on Sex Roles among Men was written and submitted by user Fernanda Vargas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Giuseppe Parini essays

Giuseppe Parini essays Giuseppe Parini nato a Bosisio presso Milano, nel 1729, appare nella seconda met del 700 non solo come il rinnovatore della poesia italiana. Ebbe un atteggiamento problematico nei confronti dellIlluminismo francese (Voltaire e Rousseau). ...quando ebbe notizia di ci che accadeva nella violenta Rivoluzione francese, gett moltacqua sul fuoco. Ne respinse le posizioni antireligiose ed edonistiche; credendo nella religione come principio di ordine civile e rifiutando le maniere violente. Credette nella parit e uguaglianza degli uomini e nella necessit di riconoscere ad ogni individio, a prescindere dalla classe sociale, una pari dignit umana. A detta del De Santis, il magior critico dell800, Parini luomo della nostra letteratura, colui che ha ridato dignit alla parola, caduta nel cattivo gusto nellarte barocca prima e dal melodrama dopo. Parini intese la letteratura e larte quale supreme magistero educativo, in grado di migliorare la societ Si impegn a diffondere con le sue poesie una moderata razionalit in tutta la vita sociale, cercando di rimuovere I pregiudizi e le prepotenze che deformano I reali rapporti fra uomini e a far sviluppare le conoscenze pratiche capaci di renderli pià ¹ felici. Parini critic la classe aristocratica sul piano economico perch spese le ricchezze che derivarono dal lavoro altrui. Il loro ozio perch non si dedicarono allo studio ed anche nel piano civile perch non cercarono di farsi amare dal pubblico. Ma ci non significa chegli abbia voluto un annientamento dalla nobilit, tuttaltro, egli volle semplicemente un cambio di rotta di certi nobili, che utilizzarono la loro superbia per far valere la loro posizione sociale. La nobilt non dovrebbe essere eliminata ma dovrebbe p ...

A CASE STUDY of Bentley Security Company

A CASE STUDY of Bentley Security Company The work described in this report is the result of my own investigation. All sections of the text and results that have been obtained from other work are fully referenced. I understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of College Regulations and will be dealt with accordingly. Table of Contents Individual Project declaration †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ii Acknowledgment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iv Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ v Topic Page 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1.1 Case study contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 1.2 Introducti on of study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1.3 Situation analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 2 Question One Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 2.1 Corporate Finance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 2.2 Ansoff matrix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2.3 Product Life Cycle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 2.4 Value Chain †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2.5 Competitive position of Bentley †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 3 Question Two Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3.1 Porter Five Analysis of Company †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 4 Question Three Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 4.1 Bentley’s Management Buyouts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 5 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. 8 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Abstract This case study about security company Bentley, which is providing both the products (alarms) and services (door supervisors) is ideal case study about the situation faced by medium firms and companies when they try some expansion strategy. Bentley tried an expansion strategy by going into security services along with its production business for that they went for acquisition. Unfortunately it was unable to manage it properly. There were many issues related to finance and human resource management. They have some solutions to regain their profiting position. Among those choices one is going for management buyout either for security Inc or for both businesses. They also need to look for efficiency issue of their work force. They must also invest some money into their research and development department which should brought innovation and advancement into their alarm products. Bentley can utilize their experience in industry to regain their position in the market and can also explore new market in future with innovation. 1 Introduction Before making an introduction to case study we will go through the case study material to understand situation given in the case study to get a better understanding of this case study. 1.1 Case study contents Bentley is a Security Company that has been trading in Go tham City for twenty five years. Recently, the senior management team met to review progress. Finance Director: I am concerned about our recent financial performance and it seems to me that we are in danger of being taken over at a bargain price. Our return on owner’s equity is 2% below the industry average and we have a large debt arising from the leverage purchase of Security Services Inc. What we can do to improve our financial results as soon as possible and, at the same time, convince the market that we have a long term viable future? Marketing Manager: In my view we have an excellent portfolio and our problem are mainly due to poor cost control. We progressed from our base in producing domestic alarm systems into commercial systems and then acquired Security Services Inc – which provides guard and watch services for commercial premises – that capitalized on our core skills at each stage. We decided into diversify because the domestic market was saturated a nd there have been large increases in the number of suppliers because it is now an easy business to get into as the technology has become standardized. The commercial sector was growing due to the current economic boom; but we have been stuck at 12% market share in the commercial systems market and while Security Services Inc had over 300 service contracts when we acquired it, we have not yet been able to attract any new customers.

What is meant by predictive validity Why are assessment centres Essay

What is meant by predictive validity Why are assessment centres considered to have greater predictive validity than facetoface interviews - Essay Example In particular, the prevalence of the traditional employment interview as the primary selection method will be compared to the alternative methods of cognitive ability tests and biographical data. Whilst the assessment and selection process provides information for decisions by both the employer and the potential employee, this is not the traditional view as employment decisions have long been regarded as a management prerogative (Torrington & Hall, 1991). However, given the predicted skill shortages and the fact that selection is also concerned with the future life plans of individuals, the predictive validity of selection methods is an important issue (Meijer, 1998) both for organizations and for individuals. Predictive validity refers to the extent to which an assessment measure can predict subsequent job performance (Smith et al, 1993) such as error rate, production rate, appraisal scores, absence rate, or other criteria that may be important to the organisation. Relationships between assessment outcomes and future performance are expressed as correlation coefficients (r), where r = 1 represents a perfect relationship, and r = 0 signifies that no relationship whatsoever e xists. A correlation of, say, r = 0.4 is regarded as comparatively good in assessment and selection (Torrington et al, 1991), but this does illustrate that there are no methods of selection that represent outstanding predictors of future performance. In their survey of management selection methods used in French and British organizations, Shackleton & Newell (1991) illustrated that, although there was an increasing use of personality assessments, cognitive ability tests, assessment centers and biographical data between the years of 1984 and 1989, the traditional method of face to face interviews continued to represent the dominant method of assessment and selection in the UK. The format of interviews may range from totally unstructured where no objectives are set, to highly structured, pre-planned processes in which topic areas are closely related to job behavior, with varying degrees of semi-structure in-between (Anderson & Shackleton, 1993). Huffcutt & Arthur (1994) used meta-analysis to demonstrate that predictive validity increased as interview structure increased; the degree of standardization of questions and response scoring mechanisms resulted in validities ranging from r = 0.20 for less structured interviews to r = 0.56 for more highly structured interviews. Nevertheless, even highly structured interviews may vary in their predictive validity. In a comparison of situational interviews (future-orientated) and behavior description interviews (past-orientated) Campion, Campion & Hudson (1994) found higher validities for past-orientated (r = 0.51) than for

History of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Research Paper

History of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) - Research Paper Example Introduction Open dumps and landfills have been used over the years as a place for waste disposal. Open dumps were used back in 1950’s and 1960’s. However, they unhygienic and had a lot of negative impact to the environment. Therefore, most of them were illegally created. Later, in 1970’s early landfills were created to cover the dump sites so as to reduce it impact to the environment. However, this early landfills lack proper equipments and designs that enabled the waste to be disposed off properly. This brought more research and modern landfills were created. These landfills are well deigned, planned and monitored thus improving waste disposal method. Further, these landfills also act as sources of energy and revenue to municipalities. 1. Open dumps are abandoned piles of garbage, household appliances, bags of yard waste, used tires and demolition debris such as shingles, lumber, asbestos and pipes in large quantities. There are commonly found in backyard, fore sts, abandoned swimming pools and buildings. Generally, open dumps are created when making building foundations (Binder et al, 2007). Open dumps are usually not permitted thus illegal. Often, if open dumps are allowed they tend to grow very large. 1a There are many problems associated with open dumps as it possesses safety, health and environmental threats. These environmental threats include; air pollution: open dumps has garbage’s of from different source which react to produce toxic gases. These toxic gases are inhaled by humans and animals around the area thereby causing respiratory diseases. Open dumps also cause water contamination in rivers, streams, lakes and even ground water. This leads to drinking water contamination thus resulting to water scarcity as water is a scare resource. Furthermore, open dumps cause a lot of damage to the natural ecosystem that is the plants and wildlife habitats. They cause soil contamination, which does not work well with the plants and animals. Evidently, local communities near open dumps have high prevalence of diseases such as malaria because open dumps carry disease carrying mosquitoes, rodents and flies. Moreover, open dumps cause a loss of aesthetic value of a location. Due to the many types of garbage in the open dump it makes the area unattractive, smelly and unbearable environment. Lastly, open dumps cause fire and explosion which in turn cause severe damage to the environment. These also decrease the quality of life of residents and local community living around it. 2 Early landfills were constructed without much technology and designing put to it. They were constructed in the 1970’s, to control the problem of odors as a result of sanitary landfills. They mainly entailed installing cover system in formal dumpsites to deal with the problem of windblown refuse and often fires caused by the open dump sites. These early 1970’s landfills were constructed without leachate and liners collection sys tems (Reno, 2008). Lack of leachate collection system becomes one of the major problems associated with these landfills. 3 Leachate is the liquid that comes from dew and rain, and natural moisture penetrates through waste. It moves through the waste dissolving salts, picking up organic components and leaching heavy metals. Furthermore, landfill leachate has an organic strength greater than 20 to 100 times that of raw sewage. Consequently, this makes it a potentially potent polluter of groundwater and soil.

Policy issues affecting the police Essay Example for Free

Policy issues affecting the police Essay Just like any other department in the government, the police force is largely influenced by the policy issues that the government adopts. Be it new laws or strategies, they have to adjust their operations so as to fit what the policies dictate. The duty of the police is to maintain law and order and in doing this they have to incorporate policies set by the government. As it will be shown in this paper, these policy issues may affect the activities of the police force such that they may have to completely change their modes of operations to fit the governments requirements. Many policies concerning police conduct, human rights and police duties are have been put forward in many forums and conferences addressing national security. Analysis Unlike in the past where the police had an absolute power, a police officer nowadays may find himself or herself being sued for violation of human rights such as police manhandling or assault (Freund, 2006; Meadows, 2000). There are several policies that have been put forward following revision of several laws which affect the police directly. Policy issues on human rights requiring specific procedures of arrest and handling of suspects have been made. The fourth amendment has limited police power especially with the private law that protects citizens from unwarranted searches and seizures. This means that before a police officer can search or seize private property, there must be a warrant which is given when the need to search premises is of great importance to protect security. Individual liberty and human rights protects citizens from false detention. The fourth amendment comes as a civil liability to the police officers which limits their activities since they have to pay attention to avoid breaking the law (Freund, 2006). This has affected the police in that it has limited their ability to obtain as much information as possible concerning a crime. Some officers have also found themselves in court over what can be referred to as assault during arrest. Perhaps one of the most current policy issues that has affected the police is the governments anti-terrorism policy. A strong policy especially after the 9-11 attacks on the U. S brought out the importance of the need to heighten security to prevent such attacks from happening in future. The government aims at keeping the possibility of any terrorist attack which must involve the police (Pleck, 2004). The involvement of the police force in the war against terrorism has led to the need for more training on the police officers on incident management and terrorism intelligence. As the government noted, the police force was not well equipped to handle such severe incidents hence the need for training on incident management. Again, there the need to develop intelligence skills to counter any form of threats calls for proper training of the police. In order to ensure that the needs of this policy are met, the government has introduced special training schedules for the police which they have to attend to keep updating them on better skills and intelligence on avoiding terrorism attacks as well as how on how to deal with terrorism incidents if by any chance they occur (Pleck, 2004). Community policing is a policy issue that has come up as a result of the need for the community to take part in their own security through reporting any suspicious act to the police. This is because the community is at the best position to identify those that live among them (Palmiotto, 2000). The government requires that the police officers work hand in hand with the community so as to curb crime activities in the society. The effect of this on the police is that there has been need for training to help them be able to deal with the community and aid in identifying between potential danger and normal happenings (Palmiotto, 2000). The police have also been given the extra duty of training and educating members of the public on how to identify potential threats within the community and how they can deal with them in conjunction with the police. The community policing mostly focuses on vulnerable groups such as children and women who are likely to be victims of violence. Policy issues concerning rape have been put forward which has necessitated for trained specialists to handle rape calls as well as interaction between the police and medical practitioners to help in solving such cases (Palmiotto, 2000). The government advocates for advancement in technology for sustainable developments. As a matter of national security, there has been the rising need for the police to upgrade their technology so as to meet the ever increasing crime rates. Technology has been used by criminals to steal from numerous citizens and this has raised an issue of concern. Cyber crimes, phishing and identity theft have been on the rise. The problem with these kinds of crimes is that catching the perpetrators can be quite hard due to the advancement in technology that is used to conduct the crimes. Keeping up with these developments poses a challenge to the police who have to come up with more advanced methods to locate cyber thieves, hackers and identity thieves. More often than not, the police are subject to the laws of prosecution and provision for justice. Policies on the procedures of prosecution highly affect the police. For example, the police are bound by law to only file a prosecution when there is substantial evidence for the occurrence of the crime. Different policies exist for different kind of prosecutions. The juvenile justice for example has undergone many changes and new policies have come up following proceedings from various cases. Juveniles have a wide range of rights and detention of a juvenile can only be under serious suspicions of delinquency. Proof that is beyond reasonable doubt must also be established to ensure that the juvenile offender poses a threat to the community (Rick, 2003). Policies on juveniles also require that they be put under preventive detention according to the standards set by the law (Rick, 2003). This differentiates juvenile offenders from adult ones. The police therefore should pay attention to such details so as to be on the safe side of the law. It is also part of their duties to act according to the laws. Conclusion It is evident that the polices activities are highly influenced by policy issues. The government which also determines the rules of a country constantly comes up with policies for national development. These policies may alter a departments activities or increase its responsibilities depending on how the policy issue is to be tackled. It must also be noted that apart from government policies, each police department has its own policies which guide the officers (Miller, 1997). These include the code of ethics that must be followed by the respective officers. Rules on duties rosters, dress code and punishment for police misconduct within the department are strictly followed. Breaking of these laws may result in serious circumstances and hence the police officers must follow them to the letter. Word Count: 1179 References Freund, E. (2006). The Police Power, Public Policy and Constitutional Rights. New York: Callaghan Company. Meadows, R. J. (2000). A Study of Police Misconduct and Litigation: Findings and Implications. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 41(2), 77-92. Miller, S. et al. (1997). Police ethics. London: Allen Unwin, 1997. Palmiotto, M. (2000). Community policing: a policing strategy for the 21st century. New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Pleck, E. (2004). Police in the fight against terrorism. American Journal of Police, 25(1), 38- 45. Rick, A. (2003). Juvenile Justice. New York: Odhams Press.

The Peoples Republic of Bangladesh Essay -- india, myanmar, colonial

Introduction The People’s Republic of Bangladesh, commonly known as Bangladesh, is a Southern Asian country located in between India and Myanmar. A parliamentary republic that elects its parliament, known as the Jatiyo Sangshad, Bangladesh has a population of over 160 million, enough to make it the eighth most populated nation in the world. Due to the fact it is relatively small, at just under 57,000 square miles, the country is also effectively one of the most densely populated nations, which has played a central role in the modern economic and industrial development of the country. Bangladesh is located in what is known as the Ganges Delta, one of the most fertile regions in the entire world, which is evident through the numerous early civilizations existing within the area. The three major rivers located within the nation are the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Mengha, and heavily contribute to the fertility of the region, but also leaves it heavily prone to flooding during heavy rain seasons, and severe drought during dry spells. It’s location, both near the equator and the sea, makes it vulnerable to the effects of a tropical climate, including monsoons and typhoons. Being a low-lying country, Bangladesh has only a few peaks and highlands spread throughout various reaches of the landscape. Overall, the country is known for being highly vulnerable to various weather-related calamities, stemming from the tropical monsoon climate and being such a low location related to sea level. Being a unitary state, Bangladesh thus consolidates all of its government power within the central government. The parliament is elected every five years, which sits in a single, unicameral chamber. The President, technically the head... .../25/14 from http://www.dhakatribune.com/long-form/2013/dec/26/history-bangladesh-ancient-maps World Economic Forum (2014). â€Å"The Global Competitiveness Report: Bangladesh.† World Economic Forum. Retrieved 3/25/14 from http://reports.weforum.org/the-global-competitiveness-report-2013-2014/ UNDP (2014). â€Å"About UNDP in Bangladesh.† United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 3/24/14 from http://www.us.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/operations/about_undp/ UNFPA (2007). â€Å"UNFPA in Bangladesh: Reproductive Health and Rights is Fundamental for Sound Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation. United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved 3/21/14 from http://www.unfpa-bangladesh.org/pdf/success_05.pdf USAID (2014.) â€Å"Bangladesh: Energy.† U.S. Agency for International Development.† Retrieved 3/24/14 from http://www.usaid.gov/bangladesh/energy

Historical Report on Race Essay

The experience that African Americans went through is that they were slaves owned by whites, who thought it was ok to buy colored people. African American’s went through so much back in the days. The slave trade was something that went on in Europe or Africa. In the eighth century humans was also traded for merchandise. In West Africa they made their slaves prisoners of wars or criminals. Back then African Americans had to be treated any way that the whites wanted them to, they wasn’t allowed to go to the same schools as whites and they also had to sit in the back of the bus when they rode it. African Americans wasn’t allowed to vote or stand up for what they believed in. In some sta Despite different histories, common themes of racial inequality emerge across racial groups. The separation of non-white from white can be seen in the barrios, the Jim Crow South, the creation of reservations and, in the extreme, the Japanese American internment camps. Until the 1960s, many African Americans could not eat in restaurants they worked in, and Chinese laborers who built the final stretch of the transcontinental railroad were fired and forced to walk back to San Francisco from Utah, barred from the railroad that was built. The political issues that went on in the American history is that each American has the freedom to speak, pursue a better life, and live a more comfortable life than their ancestors did. Every country shares a big belief between citizens and the government, Economic beliefs are part of the political culture due to the politics affects the economic. â€Å"ushistory. org/gov/4a. asp† Poverty has been the political and social concerns throughout the history. The belief that God endowed human kind with rights to life, liberty, and property that’s the foundation for giving these concepts the status of values in our political culture. The cultural value of equality means that Americans don’t believe that no one person is better than the other. â€Å"weegy. com† What legislation meant to constrain race within prejudicial boundaries was enacted? How did the various groups you researched fight this legislation? Hate crimes are based the belief of the victim. Hate crimes statutes was passed in the late 1980s to the early 1990s. In most states hate crimes are based on the belief of the person’s race, religion, national origin, or their ancestors. Many states have enacted their own hate crime ordinances, some limit their definition to crimes such as sexual harassment and damage of a person’s property. Poverty in America has its own turbulent history of causes, effects, and remedies, from debtor’s prison to the War on Poverty, from Social Darwinism to food stamps. Most legislature has only a small friction of the bills in a given period. It has many purposes such as to regulate, to authorize, to proscribe, and to provide funds. Hate crimes are still bad now, it’s not like it use to be. We have hate crimes where people that is gay will get killed or beat up because they choose to like the same sex as them. It get as bad as their religion or race becoming a hate crime, in some states we have Afro Americans getting killed because someone of different color don’t like their skin color.

Food Chemistry Essay

The chemical processes that take place inside food determine its nutritional value, taste, texture and freshness. Like any other organic material, food can decompose over a period of time. The importance of food chemistry lies in its ability to counter the effects of decomposition and spoilage and extend the shelf life of foods. Food chemistry is a science that studies the chemical processes that take place in food. All food products are made of biological materials that react and interact in different ways, and under different conditions. Carbohydrates, lipids (or fats) and proteins are the main components that make up food. Other components such as enzymes, water, minerals, additives and coloring are also areas of study within food chemistry. This branch of science plays a significant role in food processing methods designed to preserve and enhance availability and quality, according to Ohio State University. An understanding of the chemical processes that take place in foods has made food supplies available on a global scale. Methods designed to counter the decomposition process are a central area of study. The principles underlying food chemistry create the methods that make it possible to harvest, preserve, distribute, store and prepare foods for human consumption, according to Ohio State University. Grocery stores are able to provide fresh milk, canned goods, microwave meals and frozen foods because of the knowledge gained through food chemistry studies. Food chemistry plays an integral role within the food science technologies that make global supplies available, according to Ohio State University. These technologies draw from biology, physics, microbiology, nutrition and engineering to put food chemistry principles into practice. The methods used to package and label end-use products must also comply with Food and Drug Administration requirements. Also of importance is the testing and experiments that go into creating flavorful foods for consumer consumption. Foods such as meats and vegetables can contain anywhere from 50 to 95 percent water content, according to Ohio State University. Water activity involves the amount of water available, or susceptible to chemical and biological reactions within a food product. The amount of water activity present can determine the likelihood that bacterial growth and spoilage will develop within food materials. Chemistry methods work to reduce the amount of water contained in a material, or else counter its effects within a food product. Food quality, consumer satisfaction and government requirements are ll factors taken into account when designing food processing and preservation methods, according to Ohio State University. And while minimal processing enables foods to retain their original nutritional content, the need to extend the shelf life of end products makes processing and preservation methods necessary. The pH level present within a food product is another variable that influences flavor, texture and freshness. A pH level refers to acidity, or the lack thereof, with high acid contents being less susceptible to decompos ition, or spoilage, than low acid content foods.

How to Get an ISBN Everything You Need to Know About ISBN Numbers

How to Get an ISBN Everything You Need to Know About ISBN Numbers How to Get an ISBN: Everything You Need to Know About ISBN Numbers Knowing how to get an ISBN as a selfAs of 2007, the ISBN is a 13-digit number. This came about in part because of the large volume of eBooks now being published every year.Knowing how to break down and interpret these 13 digits aren’t of much use and interest to most book readers, but for publishers and distributors, it’s a necessity.If you want to publish lots of books under your own publishing name then it’s something you may want to pay attention to. You can tell a lot about a book and its author by reading the ISBN number.The 13 digit ISBN number helps:Identify the specific titleIdentify the authorIdentify the type of book they are buyingIdentify the physical properties of that particular bookIdentify the geographical location of the publisherLet’s break it down and look at what all these numbers mean.Here is the ISBN for a particular book:978-3-16-148410-0You’ll notice this sequence is divided into 5 number combinations. But the first three dig its â€Å"978† indicates that this string of numbers is for an ISBN. If we remove these digits we have:3-16-148410-0First is the initial digit, in this case: 3The 3 is the language group identifier which here indicates German. For English speaking countries a 0 or 1 is used. Numbers for language identification generally range from 1-5.Here is a list of the most common Group identifiers:0 or 1 for English2 for French3 for German4 for Japan5 for Russian7 for Peoples Republic of ChinaIt’s worth mentioning that the rarer the language, the longer the number identifier will be. For example, Indonesia is 602 whereas Turkey is 9944. You can reference the complete list at the International ISBN Agency.Next is â€Å"16†. This is the â€Å"publisher code,† and it identifies the publisher on any book that has this number. This number can be as long as 9 digits.â€Å"148410† - This six-digit series represents the title of the book. The publisher assigns this t o a specific book or edition of the book, such as a hardcover version or paperback. This could be a single digit or stretch to multiple digits.â€Å"0† is the last digit and is known as the â€Å"check digit†. This number is mathematically calculated as a fixed digit. This is always a single digit.This number indicates that the rest of the ISBN numbers have been scanned and is calculated based on the other digits in the code.Where is the ISBN number on books?The ISBN is usually found above the barcode on the back of the book.However, theyre not the same.The barcode is much different than the ISBN number.This is an important distinction because:When you purchase an ISBN you don’t automatically get a barcodeThe barcode of your book can change, while your ISBN can remain the same.We’ve already discussed what data the ISBN carries, however,the barcode includes extra information such as the book’s fixed price and the currency it’s being sold in.B arcodes are a necessary element of your book as they allow for most retailers and distributors to scan your ISBN for retail and inventory reasons.The standard barcode is known as the EAN (European Article Number) barcode, and your barcode must be in this format to sell your book in bookstores.(Breakdown of the typical EAN barcode on the back of a book by Publisher Services)Do ISBNs expire?No, ISBN numbers never expire or go bad. In fact, if you have one from a long time ago, you can simply reconstruct it for use.But what if my old ISBN is really old and only has 10 digits?Thats not a problem, either. With this handy tool from Bowker, you can convert the ISBN easily and immediately.The Book Designer also has a great resource for learning how to reconstruct an ISBN if you finally decided to write and self-publish the book youve been thinking about since you bought the ISBN.ISBN Search: How to Find Your Books ISBNIf you want to look up the ISBN of any book out there, you can do so easi ly by visiting the website ISBNSearch.org.Youll be greeted with a screen like the one above where you will be prompted to type in the ISBN, author name, or book title.After hitting search, you will have a list of books matching your searched items with the both the 13-digit ISBN and the 10-digit, like in the example below.How to Read a BarcodeIf you look at the picture of a standard barcode, you’ll notice two barcodes side by side. The barcode that appears on the left is the EAN generated from the ISBN number.The other number appearing on the right is a 5-digit add-on, called an EAN-5, that contains the price of the book. The first digit is a 5 and is a must for scanners to read. The 4-digits after the five indicates the price of the book.For example, if the number reads 52995, this means the price of the book is set at $29.95. If the price of the book changes, a new barcode must be used, though the ISBN wouldn’t change.This would only be replaced by a new ISBN number if the book is published as a new edition or as a new version.To buy a barcode you must first purchase an ISBN. You can buy your barcodes at Bowker and they even offer a barcode-ISBN combo:1 barcode + 1 ISBN is $150.1 barcode + 10 ISBNs is $320.The Difference Between ASIN and ISBNIf you’ve used Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) program you’ve probably come across an ASIN. ASIN numbers are used by Amazon to manage and identify the products they are selling on their site. It’s a 10-character alphanumeric unique identifier that’s assigned by Amazon.com and its partners.You can find this on your book page. In your browser, the Amazon ASIN will be after the product’s name and â€Å"dp†. The next place to find this is in your book or product details area of your book page.However, an ASIN is not the same as an ISBN. You can only use it with Amazon. If you want to sell through other platforms or in brick and mortar stores, you’r e going to need an ISBN.Reasons Self-Published Authors Need an ISBNIf you want to publish and sell your eBook on Amazon, then the quick answer is no, it isn’t necessary. Amazon will assign your eBook an ASIN number which will be used to identify and track your title.However, that’s only with Amazon, and only with eBooks.If you want your readers to get a hold of a print version of your book, then you’re going to need an ISBN.This might be important if you have a brick and mortar marketing strategy, or if you want your book to be accessible through libraries (more on this later), or if you’re looking to deal with wholesalers or other online retailers.Here’s a simple rule of thumb: if you want to sell your book by means other than as an ebook on Amazon, then you’ll need an ISBN.How do I buy an ISBN Number?You might not even have to buy your ISBN number because of services offered toself-published authors. You can get assigned a free ISBN by Cre atespace, the On-Demand publishing company that has now merged with Amazon.You can also get an ISBN when dealing with a whole host of On-Demand or self-publishing companies, like Draft2Digital, Smashwords or IngramSpark, and even Lulu.If you can get a free or cheap ISBN with them, then what’s the use in paying for your own one?Here’s the problem: most of the time, you can only use those free ISBNs with the channels those companies distribute through.Let’s say you get a free ISBN with Draft2Digital, but then you notice that there are some retail channels you can access through Smashwords that you can’t with Draft2Digital.You can’t use the Draft2Digital ISBN with Smashwords.Smashwords will only let you use your own ISBN or an ISBN they assign to you. So what do you do?You get a free ISBN with Smashwords.And now you have two ISBNs for the same book. Same book title, same book format, but two ISBNs.You then hear of some exclusive channels you can get t hrough eBookPartnership. The only wrinkle? You need an ISBN and they won’t take your Smashwords’ or Draft2Digital’s ISBN. So you sign up for their free ISBN instead.Now you have three ISBNs for the same book.The Problem with Multiple ISBNsThis problem can repeat itself again and again as you discover more ways to distribute your book. Sometimes you’ll have to pay for the ISBN, sometimes you won’t. But it leads to you having several ISBNs, all from different publishers, for the same book.Can you picture how unprofessional that looks to a bookstore?Wouldn’t it have been easier to start off by buying your own ISBN? Wouldn’t that make you look more professional?On top of this, each of those free ISBNs identifies the self-publishing company as a publisher. It’s the equivalent of using your business email address as [emailprotected] or [emailprotected] instead of [emailprotected] (assuming you’re named Matt).Not only does this make you look unprofessional, but there are some stores that will refuse to stock your book on this basis. If you have a CreateSpace ISBN, there are a number of bookstores that will refuse to carry your book. All of these issues can be sidestepped by simply purchasing your own ISBN through Bowker.Libraries and ISBN NumbersWe briefly mentioned that if you want to stock your book in libraries, you’ll need an ISBN. However, that might be the furthest thing from your mind. You might have decided to focus purely on eBook publishing and what part do libraries play in eBooks?A big one. Libraries are becoming more important to the distribution of eBooks. Overdrive  is the largest supplier to schools and libraries in the world (serving more than 30,000), and they circulated more than 105 million eBooks in 2014, a 33% increase from their previous year. They also supply to retail stores globally, making $100 million in sales in 2013.And guess what you need to be able to partner with Overdrive? Yup. An ISBN.Howto get an ISBNISBNs are free in many countries, provided either by the government or a publicly administered branch. However, in the US and the UK, ISBN numbers are administered by Bowker and Nielsen respectively and require you to pay.If you’re located outside the USA you can find out your local ISBN Agency here. While ISBNs are assigned locally, you can use them internationally.If you live in the USA, you have to get an ISBN through myidentifiers.com, run by Bowker, the only company that is authorized to administer the ISBN program in the United States. You can purchase ISBNs as a single unit or in bulk of 10, 100 or 1000.How to Register Your Book and ISBN NumberAs soon as you purchase your ISBN through Bowker or the International equivalent in your local area, and you publish your book, you should register here at Bowkerlink.This is an automated tool that will add your book to Bowker’s Books In Print and Global Books In Print.I recommend y ou download the free PDF â€Å"ISBN Guides: Title Set Up Registration† with step-by-step instructions on setting up your title.How Many ISBN Numbers To GetSo how many ISBNs should you get?First off let’s clarify a few common mistakes:You can only use an ISBN once. The ISBN is a unique number for that particular book, and can be assigned once, and only once, to that title. It can’t be used with any other book in the future, even second versions of the same book.You don’t need an ISBN to sell in each individual country. ISBNs are international, they are just assigned locally. A US-based publisher can purchase their ISBN through Bowker, but can stock their book worldwide using that ISBN.You need an ISBN for every specific format of the book and any new versions. Want to sell your book in print, as an eBook, and also as an audiobook? That’s great, however, you need a different ISBN for each one. If you want to publish a revised and updated version you ’ll also need a new ISBN. (This doesn’t cover fixing some typos and errors).If you create a series of books you can’t use the same ISBN for them. You can use the same ISSN, however. Many fiction and nonfiction authors have an ISSN number assigned to their book series. ISSN stands for International Standard Series Numberand can be purchased from the Library of Congress. However, each book in the series will need its own ISBN.We mentioned that in the USA you can buy ISBNs as a single unit, a bulk of 10, 100 or 1000. Here are the prices:Number of ISBNsCost1$12510$295100$575First off, it rarely makes sense to purchase a single ISBN. A single ISBN would cost you $125, but a bulk of 10 only costs $295. Meaning if you purchased 10, each ISBN would cost you $29.50, a 76% discount.Buying a single ISBN might seem feasible if you only want to publish one title, but remember that you need an ISBN for each format. So if you want to publish your book as an audiobook, you†™d need a brand new ISBN for that. As well as needing different ISBN numbers for your eBook and print versions.Not to mention that you’ll need an ISBN number for any future books you publish, perhaps as sequels to your book.We recommend that if youre serious about making book sales, you should purchase at least a bulk of 10 ISBNs. That gives you 3 ISBN numbers to use for publishing as an eBook, in print, and as an audiobook. You can keep the remainder for any future books you might publish.How to Get an ISBN final stepsNow that you have a very good idea how to buy and use ISBNs for your own books, all the best on setting this up. If you want to be recognized as a publisher and have your books available to a larger global audience by registering through Bowker, consider investing in your own ISBN numbers.Think of it as buying a piece of property: You own it and it is registered in your name.For more information, you can find out anything you want to know by visiting the offi cial Bowker page or at myidentifiers.comHere’s a simple actionable checklist for ISBNs.To buy an ISBN for your next book, here is what you should do:Go to the website https://www.myidentifiers.comUnder the ISBN drop down tab, click on ISBNs- Buy Here. You can select 1, 10 or 100. For a bulk purchase, go to â€Å"Buying ISBNs in Bulk† and you can contact Bowker directly to discuss your options.Once you have your ISBN assigned, you can then use it everywhere that requires your ISBN number.At Createspace, under the â€Å"Setup† channel, you can choose to have Createspace assign you an ISBN. When you buy your own ISBN at Bowker, just put in the 13-digit number and Createspace will use this in your paperback.If you publish your paperback through KDP (Kindle Direct Publishing), you can fill in your number in the â€Å"Paperback Content† section of your book when you log into your bookshelf. If you choose to have Createspace assign you an ISBN, KDP will ask for your 13-digit number if you are transferring your physical version over to KDP.Register your ISBN here at Bowker as soon as your book is ready for sale. Download the free ISBN Guides: Title Set Up Registration step-by-step guide.ISBN Links ResourcesThese links appeared throughout the post but here they are for easy access.International ISBN Agency https://www.isbn-international.orgISBN.org by Bowker https://www.isbn.org/faqs_general_questionsBowkerlink Publisher Access System https://commerce.bowker.com/corrections/common/home.aspBowker Identifier Services https://www.myidentifiers.comU.S. Copyright Office https://www.copyright.govISBN Set Up GuideISBN Guides: Basic Information

Metropolitan museum of arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metropolitan museum of arts - Essay Example sed as a central place, where these materials can be easily accessed by the general public for purposes of research and information up date (Backhaus, 11). This discussion will focus on an analysis of a piece of art work stored in the Metropolitan Museum, in New York the United States of America. The Metropolitan Museum is located in New York City in the United States of America. It is considered among the largest museums in the world, with a collection of over two million various pieces of art work from different parts of the world. The main building of the museum located along Manhattan is considered one of the world’s largest sources of art galleries. It is separated into seventeen departments, which each department exhibiting a specific piece of art work. The exterior part of the museum was constructed using stones, which are painted using a white water-based paint. In the interior one is welcomed by white clean shelves of various sizes and shapes, exhibiting various forms of art works. From a personal perspective, the museum has a feature similar to the buildings that were constructed in the early and the late 1800’s such as the White House, which was constructed using large stones and beatified using a whitish water-based paint. This form is building design could have been chosen as a result of the fact that such designs dominated the early and late 1800’s: Such designs were preferred by French architectures, who were considered the best architectures in the world during that period. The museum features cultures from various parts of the world for instance; ancient Egyptian art works African art, Asian, European, American art work as well as a collection of modern art works that have been considered eclectic. Pieces of art work are organized in accordance to their cultures and timeline, in a manner that makes it easy for viewers to identify and understand their significance. The arrangement of the art works within the Museum as well as its

Has Persuasion Become a Key Function of Democratic Governments Essay

Has Persuasion Become a Key Function of Democratic Governments - Essay Example This essay stresses that a great deal of understanding of the processes of the psychology and processes of persuasion has taken place. Communication is moving from mass media to narrowcast, which is becoming increasingly possible through developments in mobile telephone, internet, wireless and interactive technology. The development of narrowcasting requires action by the individual, even something simple like opening and reading an email, and this personal involvement gets them involved in the frame being presented and therefore more likely to accept it. The use of frames and framing in message design form part of the methodology by which this is achieved. This is evidenced by the large amounts of money spent by governments on public relations firms, and the creation of special government agencies vested with the brief of framing and presenting persuasive, legally defensible messages that clearly differentiate the government’s position from that of its opponents. This paper makes a conclusion that the claim that the practice of persuasion is a key function of government and that it has changed the very nature of democracy is true. The threat to democracy occurs when the focus is on winning the elections or gaining from political power rather than maintaining the democratic form of government. Negative political persuasion has increased over the years. A set of rules to be formulated and followed strictly by the candidates alone can help restore the democratic system.